Section I : Language Development
Chapter 3
Sports
Working with words
A. Many English words are from other languages, such as redemption in
the news above comes from the Latin word redimere, a combination of re(d)-,
meaning “back,” and emere, meaning “buy.”
Now, find out the origin and the meaning of the following words from the text.
Penalty : From Middle French pénalité
a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule,
or contract
Major : From Latin word “great” and French word “majeur”
important, serious, or significant.
Stadium : From Latin word meaning “study”, “zeal”, “dedication”
A center for the study of the Liberal Arts
Trophy : From the French trophée in 1513, Old French trophee, from
Latin trophaeum
A cup or other decorative object awarded as a
prize for a victory or success.
Defender : From the Latin word in this sense was “defensor” and Old
French “defendeor”
One who protects from injury a champion
Anthem : From Greek antiphōnos
A rousing or uplifting song identified with a
particular group, body, or cause.
Dejection : From the Latin deicere meaning “throw down.”
A sad and depressed state; low spirits.
Jubilant : From Latin word “jubilare”
Making a joyful noise
Record : Form Latin word “cor” and “re-”
A thing constituting a piece of evidence about
the past, especially an account kept in writing or some other permanent form.
Suave : Form Latin word ” suavis” means “agreeable.”
Charming, confident, and elegant
Podium : Form Greek word “pous and pod” meaning “foot”
finish first, second, or third, so as to
appear on a podium to receive an award.
Tournament : Form old French torneiement
A series of contests between a number of
competitors, competing for an overall prize.
Reminiscent : Form Latin word “reminisce” meaning
remembering
Tending to remind one of something.
Incredible : Form Latin word “In-” meaning “not” and
“credibills” meaning is “believe.”
Savor : Form Latin word “sapere” meaning “to taste”
B. Consult a dictionary and define the following terms related to
cricket.
Stump:
Each of the three upright pieces of wood which
form a wicket.
Crease:
Any of a number of lines marked on the pitch
at specified places.
Boundary:
A hit crossing the limits of the field,
scoring four or six runs.
Sixer:
A hit for 6 runs.
Googly:
Type of deceptive delivery bowled by a
right-arm leg-spin bowler.
Leg-by:
A run scored from a ball that has touched part
of the batsman’s body (apart from the hand) without touching the bat.
Wicket:
Each of the sets of three stumps with two
bails across the top at either end of the pitch
Maiden:
An over in which no runs are scored.
Pitch:
The strip of ground between the two sets of
stumps.
Power-play:
The set of overs with special fielding rules
during a limited-overs cricket match
No-ball:
An unlawfully delivered ball, counting one as
an extra to the batting side if not otherwise scored from.
Yorker:
A ball bowled that hits the cricket pitch
around the batsman’s feet.
C. Pronunciation
Divide the following words into two groups in accordance with their pronunciation
/aɪ/ and
/aɪ/
Fine, shine, why, height, bright, might, five,
sight, white, by
/eɪ/
Rein, rail, sleigh, snail, break, fake, eight,
game, claim, friend, gait, hail, frame
Comprehension
A. State whether the following sentences are True or False or Not Given.
a. England was the champion of 1996 World Cup
Football. – True
b. Italy bagged its first Euro Cup trophy in
the Euro Cup 2020. – True
c. The English team has won more trophies in
International Football than Italy. – False
d. According to the captain of the English
team, the pain of losing a match has lasting effects. – Not Given
e. The Italian team was playing in their home
ground. – False
f. The goalkeeper of the Italian team had
performed the best than any other players in the match. – True
B. Answer the following questions.
a. Why does the reporter say that England is waiting to heal its
half-century long pain?
The reporter said that England is waiting to heal
its half-century pain because England had not won any title after 1966 A.D.
b. How did the Italian players react as soon as they became the
champions?
The Italian players reacted by shouting into a TV
camera amid the celebrations, mocking the famous lyric “it’s coming home” from
the England team’s anthem as soon as they became the champions.
c. Why did Saka and Sancho cry?
Saka and Sancho cried because of their third
straight penalty failure.
d. Penalty shoot-out has long been a bitter experience for the English
team. Why?
Penalty shoot-out has long been a bitter experience
for the English team because they missed three penalty shoot-outs consequently.
e. State the contribution of Roberto Mancini to the Italian football.
Less than four years ago, Italy fell to the lowest
point in its footballing history with failing to qualify for the World Cup for
the first time in six decades. They are now the best team in Europe and with a
national record of 34 games unbeatenunder Roberto Mancini. Mancini brought
great confidence to the Italian football team and went all out to win the Euro 2020.
f. How does the Euro Cup final 2020 remind the audiences of the 2018
World Cup semifinals? How?
The Euro Cup Final 2020 remind the audiences of the
2018 World Cup semifinals because England also scored early against Croatia
then spent most of the game chasing its opponent’s midfield before losing in
extra time.
Critical thinking
a. “Every match is a new opportunity. Put its failure behind and start
over again.” Does this apply to the Italian football team when we analyse their
performance from their failure to qualify for the World Cup Football to their
victory in the European Championship in these four years?
Yes, the statement “Every match is a new
opportunity. Put its failure behind and start over again” applies to the
Italian football team. Italy is constantly improving and investing more and
more in the improvement of its football team. Despite having faced so many
challenges, digesting so many defeats, we can say that they have continued to
improve and now the football culture in Italy is second to none.
There is no place in the world where a typical
technician is more qualified than another. Every casual Italian staff member is
excellent in rehabilitation, strategy and organization. Wherever they go, they
have a manager who can lead a top club to success. They have an upscale
nightclub. Juventus has a rich history, well-organized organization and a
management team that is able to bring out the best in every player they sign.
Few clubs reach this level of competence, which should be the standard. Think
of the three biggest clubs in Europe: Bayern Munich, Real Madrid and Manchester
City.
In the last four years Italy has
undergoneradical changes under Mancini. The Azzurri won 4-2 on penalties after
taking the lead with Federico Chiesa, but came back from a draw by Alvaro
Morata, who scored 1-1 goals and needed added time before the Italians won by
4-2 on penalties. From this we can say that Italian football team constantly
learned from their past games and hence qualified for the World Cup Football to
their victory in the European Championship in these four years.
b. When a team plays in a home ground, it gets a huge support from the
audience in the stadium. Does this support them to win the match or the players
may feel pressure to win and thus lose? What do you think?
I think a team playing in the home ground gets huge
support and confidence from their home fans but the teams from other places get
huge disadvantages; according to their zone, climate, and fan follower. Many
teams have been won Match on home ground. More than 100 teams won the match on
the home ground.
In team sports, the term home ground – also
called home field describes the benefit that the home team is said to gain over
the visiting team. This benefit has been attributed to psychological effects by
the supporting fans on the competitors or referees. Also, the players are used
to, playing on their home ground due to which they can easily play there,
despite of the weather, pitch or ground condition. But the visiting teams suffer
from changing time zones or climates, or from the rigors of travel; and in some
sports, to specific rules that favor the home team directly or indirectly.
According to my views, in Euro Cup 2020
England lost the final match against Italy due to their fear and lack of faith.
They had not won any match after 1966 A.D so that they had less hope and got
more pressure from the home ground fans. Therefore, getting a huge support from
the audience in the stadium does both i.e., supports the team to win the match
as well as the players may feel pressure to win and thus lose.
Writing
A. The following passage does not have any punctuation marks. Punctuate
it with appropriate punctuation marks.
A lot of people try to get away from home for a few
days each year for a holiday. There are lots of things to choose from, and
where you go depends on how much money you’ve got to spend. Ideas for holidays
include relaxing on a beach, exploring cities, and skiing. One man wanted to go
to Australia but thought he’d never have enough money to get there. He’d go to
his brother’s caravan at the seaside instead. A young woman wanted to go
clubbing in Ibiza as she’d heard it was a lot of fun.
Grammar
B. Complete the following sentences with much, many, few or little.
a. He is an introvert. He has got very few friends.
b. I am busy in preparing my examinations. I
have very little time to give to you.
c. The entire winter season was dry this year.
We had little rain.
d. Our town has almost been modernized. There
are few old buildings left.
e. You can come today. I haven’t got much to
do.
f. The party was crowded. There were too many people.
g. How many photographs
did you take while you were in Switzerland?
h. There was little traffic
so I came in time.
i. Can I borrow few books
from you?
j. Mohan can’t be a good teacher. He has little patience.
C. Put each or every in the following sentences.
a. The party split into three factions, each faction
headed by a former prime minister.
b. Leap years occur every four
years.
c. Every parent
worries about their children.
d. We had a great time in Singapore. We
enjoyed every minute of our time.
e. I could catch the main idea of his speech
but I didn’t understand each of his words.
f. In Nepal, every motorcycle
rider should wear a helmet.
g. You must read each of
these books for the exam.
D. Rewrite the following sentences using all of, most of, none of, both
of or some of.
a. Your garden is superb. Most of the
flowers are beautiful.
b. Do you know Bharat and Kamal? Of course, I
do. Both of them are my friends.
c. I bought a box of apples thinking it would
be cheaper but I was mistaken. All of them were rotten.
d. When I was in the town, I asked some people
for direction but none of them were able to help me. I
had to call my friend.
e. We all were soaked in the rain
because none of us had carried an umbrella.
f. My father is healthy in his seventies but
he feels isolated because all of his friends are dead
now.
g. All of the tourists are not Chinese. Some
of them are Korean too.
E. Choose the best word from the brackets to complete the sentences.
a. Give me the money I
owe you. (which/the/a/an)
b. I want the boat
which would take me to the island. (the/an/those/a)
c. Could you pour me some water,
please? (many/few/these/some)
d. Only a few employees
know how important the project was. (a few/a little/little/few)
e. He was looking for an umbrella.
(an/a/those/these)
f. A large amount of water
was evaporated due to excessive heat. (A large number of/ A lot of/ A large
amount of/Many)
